What is a Monument in Land Surveying?
A monument is a fixed object or point established by surveyors to precisely determine land locations. Monuments can be natural objects like trees and boulders or man-made items such as concrete posts, metal pipes, or specially designed markers.
Importance of Monuments
Monuments are critical in land surveying because they provide long-lasting reference points that help in accurately defining land boundaries. Here are some major roles they play:
- Boundary Definition: Monuments establish the legal limits of property boundaries, aiding in property division and ownership.
- Survey Reference: They serve as a benchmark in subsequent surveys, ensuring consistency and accuracy over time.
- Dispute Resolution: Monuments can be vital in resolving property disputes by offering verifiable landmarks.
Types of Monuments
Monuments can be categorized into different types based on their nature and durability:
Natural Monuments
- Trees: Often used in wooded areas, large and distinct trees can serve as natural landmarks.
- Boulders and Rocks: Large, immovable boulders can also be used where they are naturally abundant.
Man-Made Monuments
- Concrete Posts: These are durable and can withstand environmental elements over long periods.
- Metal Pipes: Easily identifiable and durable, metal pipes are frequently used in urban areas.
- Survey Markers: Specialized markers designed specifically for surveys which often include inscriptions or other identifying marks.
How are Monuments Established?
Establishing a monument involves several meticulous steps:
- Initial Survey: Surveyors perform a detailed initial survey to identify the precise location for the monument.
- Marker Placement: Depending on the type, surveyors place the monument at the exact surveyed location.
- Documentation: The details regarding the location, type, and characteristics of the monument are thoroughly documented for future reference.
- Verification: Regular check-ups are conducted to verify that the monuments are intact and have not been disturbed.
Example: From Landmark to Monument
Consider a large, centuries-old Oak tree on a boundary line between two properties. Initially, this tree may be recorded as a natural landmark. The surveyors might then place a small metal identifier or concrete base nearby, officially designating it as a surveying monument. This transition from landmark to monument adds legal and surveying precision to the historic natural landmark.
FAQs
What materials are most often used for man-made monuments?
The most common materials include concrete posts, metal pipes, and special surveying markers that are designed to be durable under environmental conditions.
What happens if a monument is destroyed or moved?
If a monument is destroyed or moved, it should be reported to local authorities or a licensed surveyor. A re-survey might be necessary to re-establish accurate boundaries.
Can natural features always be used as monuments?
Not always. While some natural features are suitable, they must be immovable and distinctly identifiable to ensure long-term accuracy and reliability.
Related Terms: Landmark, Boundary Marker, Survey Marker, Geodetic Point, Benchmark
