Uncovering the Impact of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
Understanding SARA
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) was enacted on October 17, 1986. This comprehensive law built upon the original Superfund program created by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980. Its primary goal is to remediate and manage hazardous waste sites.
SARA’s Major Objectives
- Reauthorization of CERCLA: Extended the scope and funding of CERCLA, allowing continued cleanup of sites contaminated by hazardous substances.
- Increased State Involvement: Emphasized greater roles for state governments in hazardous waste cleanups.
- Focus on Human Health: Prioritized public health, encompassing stricter guidelines for community protection and responsible party settlements.
- Technological Advances: Promoted innovative and while cost-effective treatment technologies for further enhancing site remediation.
Title III – Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know
One of the significant components of SARA is Title III, known as the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). This provision mandates local governments to prepare chemical emergency plans and requires chemical companies to report storage, use, and releases of hazardous substances to federal, state, and local authorities.
Importance and Benefits
- Enhanced Environmental Safety: By bolstering regulatory measures and enforcement, SARA has contributed significantly to reducing hazardous waste risks.
- Public Health Improvements: Rigorous safety protocols and stricter chemicals management have led to fewer human health issues associated with toxic substance exposure.
- Economic Impact: While posing upfront business compliance costs, long-term economic benefits include reduced medical expenses and cleanup costs.
Real-World Examples
- Love Canal Tragedy: In Niagara Falls, New York, approximately 21,000 tons of toxic chemicals were found buried, leading to major evacuations and subsequent federal oversight through SARA’s extended measures. The stringent contamination cleanup protocols implemented here serve as a testament to SARA’s effectiveness.
- Valley of the Drums Incident: The barrels of toxic waste were infamously mentioned in Brooks, Kentucky, bringing into full view the implications of improper waste disposal magnified under CERCLA and further amplified protection through SARA’s amendments and modernization approach.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What prompted the need for SARA?
SARA was a response to inadequacies found in CERCLA, highlighted by incidents such as Love Canal and the Valley of the Drums, necessitating more cohesive efforts and state involvement in hazardous waste management and community safety measures.
How does SARA impact businesses?
Businesses handling hazardous substances are mandated to report usage, storage, and release details to ensure transparency and compliance with risk-reduction regulations. Additionally, companies may need to develop emergency response plans in collaboration with local governments.
Are there any penalties for non-compliance with SARA?
Yes, entities can face significant fines and forced cleanup measures for failing to adhere to SARA’s regulations. The EPA can take legal action against violators to ensure enforcements and corrective measures are implemented.
Related Terms: Superfund, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
